Statue of the Southern Army in Gainesville Downtown

Gainesville's original resident was a Timkwa Indian. The Spanish colonists started cattle ranches using Timkwa laborers, and the biggest ranches came to be called La Chua (a combination of the Spanish fixed article 'la' and the Timkwa word 'chua' meaning a pit). The ranch was destroyed by the attackers from the Carolina Colony and their ally Indians, and under the leadership of a chief Ahya the Kaukyper, the name was taken over by the Seminole Arahua Band, which took root in the area in the 1700s.

Gainesville was founded to put the county office of Arachua County on the proposed route of the Florida Railway Company Line, which ran from Cedar Key to Fernandina Beach. Since the proposed route of the railway was to bypass the Nuansville, the County Office Address, the residents of the county decided to move the County Office Address in 1853 and chose the name of Gainesville. In 1854, the place where the railway is expected to cross the Black Oak Ridge was selected, and the county building was constructed in 1856. The town was named after General Edmund P. Gaines, the United States Army Commander in Florida during the early Second Seminole War. The railroad was completed from Fernandina to Gainesville in 1859 and ran six blocks south of the county building.

During the Civil War, Gainesville became the stage of a small battle. On February 14, 1864, when about 50 soldiers of the Northern Army entered the town and tried to capture two trains, a skirmish broke out. A part of the 2nd Florida cavalry tried to fight off the attack, but did not succeed, and on the contrary, they were defeated in the urban battle. The raids were related to the larger Florida invasion, but they were defeated in the Orasti battle six days later. On August 17 of the same year, the Battle of Gainesville broke out. The Florida cavalry attacked 300 North Army soldiers occupying the town. The Northern Army was driven out of the town and suffered significant losses.

During the months after the end of the Civil War, the 3rd American Colored Regiment was stationed in Gainesville and encouraged the emancipation slaves to live there. Gainesville's black population exceeded the 223 white population in 1860. In 1866, the Liberation Slave Administration established the Union Academy to educate released slaves. By 1898, 500 students began to study at the school, and the school was run until 1929. Gainesville established the city system in 1869. A church that was shared by some of the school's patron preachers was built in 1859, but the official organizer of the church in Gainesville was in the 1860s and 1870s.

After the Civil War, the town prospered as the main production center of citrus, which was directly connected to the ports of the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico by rail. However, the prosperity ended when the whole product was destroyed by the Great Frost Damage in 1894 and 1899, and the production of citrus fruits moved to the southern Orlando area. The production of phosphorus mines, TV oil, and kiriyu oil was substituted for the above, but none of them succeeded very much.

In 1905, the Florida State Council established Florida University, and Gainesville experienced a big change. Cities like Lake City and Bartway thought that the colleges were close to them, but they were defeated and Gainesville was chosen. Gainesville City has the foresight to build modern city water supplies, sewage and power supply systems, and they were able to offer these benefits to the new university for free. The construction site was set at about one mile (1.6 km) west of the town. In the autumn of 1906, the first class was held in a backmanhole.

Throughout the 20th century, Florida University has brought youth, cultural opportunities and global health facilities. The sport drink's Goterad was invented in Gainesville as a way to refresh the Florida University's American football team, and the Florida University still receives some of the Goterad's profits. The headquarters, however, are now in Chicago, Illinois.

In April 2003, Gainesville became the only city to be awarded the Gold Well City Award from the Wellness Councils of the United States, and was known as the most healthy community in the United States. In the city, with support from the Gainesville Health Fitness Center and the Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 21 enterprises and 60% of the local labor force are involved in the activities of the Gold Well City. It is the only city in Japan that reached the criteria of the award in March 2008.

Gainesville is located at latitude 29 degrees 35 minutes 55 seconds north and longitude 82 degrees 20 minutes 10 seconds west (29.665245, -82.336097). It is about the same latitude as Houston, Texas. According to a report by the United States Census Bureau, the total area of the city is 49.1 square miles (127.2 km²), of which the land is 48.2 square miles (124.8 km²), the water area is 0.9 square miles (2.4 km ²) and the water area is 1.87%.

The forests of Gainesville have a variety of density and species, including broad-leaved evergreen trees, conifers and deciduous trees. Since 1982, the Aberdei Foundation has been certified as a "City of American Trees."

The only city in the Gainesville metropolitan area that has a population of more than 100,000 is Alachua County and Gilchrist County, and the surrounding area is surrounded by rural areas, with the Paines Prairie Plain at the southern end of the area, which is 21,000 acres (84 km²) in size. It has a medium size and features inland features such as 90 minutes by car to Jacksonville, two hours to Orlando and six hours to Atlanta, Georgia and Miami, Florida. The presence of Florida University, the third largest university in the city, is dominant. Also, historically and orally, it is also called 'Hogtown' because of the Seminole community with the same name, which is located near what is called Hogtown Creek today.

climate

The climate of Gainesville is defined as a humid subtropical climate. Located inland, there is a wide range of temperature changes that Florida experiences. During the summer, roughly from June 1 to September 30, the same as in other parts of the state, and it is wet with rain. The temperature varies from a 70-degree F (21°C) base at night to around 90-degree F (32°C) during the day on average. However, from the beginning of October to May, unlike in other areas of the Florida Peninsula, the temperature falls to the freezing point at night and there is a long freeze every few years. The lowest temperature ever reached 10 degrees F (-12°C) on January 21, 1985. On Christmas Eve in 1989, there was a storm accompanied by heavy snow and heavy rain. The average maximum temperature in winter is between 66 and 69 degrees F (19 to 21°C), and the average minimum temperature is between 42 and 45 degrees F (6 to 7 degrees C). Temperatures may be 30 degrees F (-1°C) or lower in the average year. Since cold air is always accompanied by good weather and high pressure, snow is rare.

Plant phases and animal phases in the city are different from those in the coastal regions of the state, and there are many deciduous species such as Sparassis crispa, maple, hickory and Momijibufu, and evergreen trees such as palm, live, and oak. In late November and December, the autumn leaves can be enjoyed for a short period of time (however, they are not compared to the area in the north). From late February to early April, you can enjoy the long spring, which is worthy of attention. This is generally a comfortable period, and the colorful flowers of azalea and Japanese copepod attract the sky without a cloud, and it is less rainy and has a low humidity. The annual average rainfall is 48.36 inches (1,228 mm). In the summer, it has 19.51 inches (496 mm) of rain, and in the autumn, it has the lowest volume of autumn, at 9.04 inches (230 mm).

urban landscape

Alacha County Building Complex and Civil Justice Center

Gainesville Downtown

Hippo Dream State Theater

The urban sprawl phenomenon has become a concern of the City Government Committee. However, a plan to re-develop the area between the historic center and Florida University has curbed the growth of the suburbs and has moved to higher-class apartments in the city. The area just north of Florida University is also actively developed.

The east side of the city is a large African american society with mainly white students and residents on the west side. At the far-west end, there is a large-scale planning society, and the most famous one is Hale Plantation, which was built at the place where the plantation was, and is the most prominent place in the region.

Some people thought that the city's landmark, Victoria-style county building, was not necessary to destroy, and the concept of preserving historical things was taken into account by the community. The flat-plate county building replaced by the great county building was called 'air conditioner' by the locals. The demolition of other historic buildings in the central city has reduced the historic appeal of Gainesville City. Only a handful of old buildings, such as the Hippopdrome State Theater, which used to be a federal building, were left. After a few years of little progress, the city center was reactivated, and many parking lots and buildings that became vacant were replaced by houses that were close to the campus by Infill Development and Campus, and were fused with existing historical architecture. A story has been raised that the old county building is reconstructed in a parking lot one block away from the old place.

Many regions and buildings have been added to the National Register of Historic Monuments to help the movement. Many restored examples of the Victorian style and Queen Anne style houses built in the 1880s and 1890s in the height of agriculture can be found in the following area:

• Northeast Gainesville Residential Area
• Southeast Gainesville Residential Area
• Pleasant Street Historic Center

The historic buildings registered both inside and outside the central town are as follows:

• Bailey Plantation residence (built in 1854)
• a neoclassical Victorian house (built in 1905) that has been used for over 70 years by the family of Dr. James Colson, a Corson's house
• Masison's residence (built in 1867)
• Thomas Hotel (built in 1919)
• The old post office (built in 1913, the present Hippo Dream State Theater)
• Temple of Freemason (built in 1913)
• Seagle Building (built in 1937), 11-story, the only high rise building in the central city
• Bear Hardware Company Warehouse (constructed in 1910)
• Cox furniture shop (built in 1887)
• Cox furniture warehouse (built in 1890)
• Epworth Hall (built in 1884)
• Old Gainesville Station (built in 1850s)
• Mary Fifer McKenzie's house (built in 1895)
• Star Garage (built in 1903)

The following are estimates from 2007.

In many guidebooks, including "Urban Rankings: Survey of over 400 urban areas in the United States and Canada" published in 2004, Grenville's low cost of living is mentioned. Restaurants near Florida University tend to be cheaper. The property tax is expensive because the university's land is exempt from tax. However, the central household budget remains somewhat lower than the national average, and the residents of Gainesville do not pay income tax on all the Florida people.

Only six out of 100 rating points for the city's urban labor market are given, and the negative aspect of low living costs is the extremely weak local labor market, which is excessively supplied by the residents of universities. Florida University, Chanz Healthcare System (a private and public joint-management university) and City Hall are the largest employers in the city, but there are other large companies such as National Wide Insurance and CH2M Hill. Gainesville's median income per household is slightly lower than the national average.

solar system

Gainesville City is promoting solar power generation by supplying excess power to its local power supply system at an advantageous price for small businesses and house owners. The current purchase price is $0.32 per kilowatt-hour.

University of Florida

All the education in Gainesville City is in charge of the Alacha County Public School District, and most of the 75 facilities in the county are in the Gainesville District. Florida University and Santa Fe College are in the city. Florida University is the main source of revenue for the community, and it has an additional hundreds of thousands of dollars from sports games held at Florida University, including University American Football games. Florida University's economic impact on the state economy is nearly $6 billion a year, with nearly 75,000 jobs available.

Other education facilities include City College (Gainesville Campus), P.K. Yonji Development Research School, Buchholtz High School, Gainesville High School, Eastside High School, Oakhall High School, and St. Francis Catholic High School.

The Alacha County Library Area provides library services to 190,655 people in the county. They concluded a circular loan agreement with 11 neighboring counties such as Baker County. This agreement makes the nearest library available, regardless of the county in which it is located.

look east on University Street near the 13th street crossing

Gainesville has a broad road system with Interstate Expressway Route 75, State Route 20, Route 24 and Route 26 running through the city. It is directly connected to Jacksonville, Okara and Orlando using National Route 441 and the nearby Route 301.

The city streets are divided into four sections (northwest, northeast, southwest and southeast) in a lattice shape. The street is numbered except for several main streets. The main street has a name for the town to which the road goes, including Waldo Street, Hawthorne Street, Wilston Road, Archer Road and Newbury Road. The streets followed by Avenue, Place, Road and Lane run generally east-west, while the other streets run generally north-south.

The Amtrak train, which used to travel back and forth to Waldo 12 miles (19 km) northeast of the city, has been replaced by the shuttle bus of Amtrak, and is connected to the south railway. In Palatka, 32 miles (51 km) east of Japan, Amtrak trains can be used.

In addition to the wide road system, there is the Gainesville Regional Traffic System, the fourth largest traffic system in the state. In the northeastern part of the city is the Gainesville Regional Airport, where regular flights are operated every day in Atlanta, Georgia and Charlotte, North Carolina.

According to 2000 statistics, 5.25% of Gainesville residents commute by bike and are the highest in the major population-intensive areas of Japan.

Gainesville is traditionally well known for its music scene, and Tom Pettie and Hart Breakers, Stephen Stills, Eagles's Bernie Ledon and Don Felder, Against Ferder! He has sent out many bands and musicians, including Les Zan Jake, Hot Water Music, John Vanderslice, CYNE, Sister Hazel, Roach Motel, I Hate Meisel, and For Skylles. It is now based in the independent No Idea Records, which used to be owned by Plan It X Records, but was moved to Cairo, Illinois. The No Idea Records holds a three-day rock festival called "the Festival" every year and holds the Harvest of Hope Festival in St. Augustine.

From 1987 to 1992, Hollywood star River Phoenix made the local Hardback Cafe its main base and became a big rock scene. The Phoenix band, Alecaz Attic, has always appeared in the rock scene. The Phoenix family is still active in Gainesville and has eco-friendly stores such as the Rain Phoenix band, Paper Cranes and Liberty Phoenix.

Even today, Gainesville is known for its powerful music society, and in the March 2008 issue of "Blender Magazine," it was designated as "the best place to start a band in the United States." This article explains the reason for the large student population, low rents and friendly venues.

In the past decade, the Umoja Orchestra has been based in various bands from Latin and Aphrovito to Psychedelic Rock of Morning Bell and The Knowhow's Ska Staples.

The reputation of Gainesville as a mecca for independent music could be traced back to October 1984, when a local music and video station started broadcasting. The station, called TV-69, used the UHF69 channel to broadcast programs and was owned by Cochin Communications. The bureau attracted the attention of local media, partly because Bill Cosby, a famous comedian with some stocks at the beginning, worked to promote it. TV-69 has broadcast many videos from punk and indie bands, and also broadcast local videos (songs by local parody bands "Clone Love" and Dynamo Jr.).

Gainesville is also known as a supporter of visual arts. Every year, artists and viewers visit two major art festivals from all over the southeastern United States. Spring art festivals are usually held by Santa Fe College (formerly Santa Fe Community College) in early April every year. The downtown festival and art show are held every autumn by Gainesville City.

Cultural facilities include the Florida Museum of Natural History, the Khan Museum, the Hippodrome State Theater, the Curtis M. Phillips Entertainment Center, and the Civic Media Center. The small theaters include the Acrostown Repertory Theater and the Gainsville Community Theater. Gainesville Community Theater is the oldest community theater in Florida. In 2006, he dropped the rubble from the new theater building.

The presence of large universities in the city creates many opportunities for cultural lifestyles. The University of Florida College of Art is a college that encompasses music schools, theater dance schools, art and art history schools, and many other programs, university galleries, the World Art Center, and the core functions of the digital world. The college offers many performances and lectures by artists for students and the Gainsville metropolitan area, most of which are free.

Gainesville was the center of the anti-Vietnamese war activist Gainesville Eight incident in the 1970s. Some call it Berkeley in the south. This nickname derives from the existence of universities with relatively strong authority and the liberal tendency of the election. The Alacha County district strongly supports the Republican Party while the Alacha County strongly supports the Democratic Party. In the 2008 election, while Barack Obama and John McCain ran 22% of the vote difference in the Alacha district, about 1.46% of the total of all the other candidates and written votes on the list.

In 2004, the National Union for the Homeless named Gainsville as the fifth most unkind city about the guilt of being homeless. Gainesville has many ordinances aimed at the homeless, including ways to regulate beggars, regulation of free food groups, and the means to make sleeping outside public assets illegal. The Gainesville Municipal Government Committee responded to this and developed a 10-year plan to end the homeless.

Gainesville is famous for its recreational drug culture for "Gainesville Green," especially for the strong seeds of marijuana. The Orange and Blue magazine published a long story in the fall of 2003 about the history of Gainesville Green and the culture of marijuana in the region. In the mid-1990s, the Gainsville Taima Festival was held several times outside the Arahua County building.

North Central Florida, where Gainesville is located, is called the "end of the south" by a native. This is most likely due to the fact that there are fewer people born in Florida from somewhere south of Aratua County and north of Orlando (in effect, they were born in the south) and that there is a urban sprawl phenomenon that defines the beginning of southern and central Florida.

annual cultural event

• The Gainesville Inprobe Festival offers an opportunity for a new talent.

TV

Gainesville is the 162nd television market in Japan in the Nielsen Media Survey. The TV stations in the Gainesville market include the ABC series WCJB in Gainesville, the CBS series WGFL broadcast from High Springs, the Fox series WOGX broadcast from Okara, and the PBS WUFT in the Florida University series. The NBC-affiliated WNBW started broadcasting in the city on January 1, 2009.

Radio

Abitron ranks the Gainesville Okara market 83rd in Japan. A total of 13 radio stations of five AM stations, six FM stations and two low-power non-profit FM stations are licensed in the city. Three of them (WRUF-AM, WRUF-FM, and WUFT-FM) are run by the Florida University's broadcasting department. WUFT-FM is the National Public Radio Member Bureau of the city and WRUF-FM is a commercial broadcaster.

newspaper

The Gainesville daily newspaper can be subscribed to "The Gainesville Sun" and "The Independent Florida Alligator," a student newspaper at Florida University and Santa Fe College.

The Trees of Devils Milhopper State Park

• Wall 34
• Ben Hill Griffin Stadium at Florida Field
• Citizen Media Center
• Devils Milhopper State Park
• Florida Museum of Natural History (including the Butterfly Rain Forest Exhibition)
• Gainesville Raceway (NHRA Drag Race)
• Hale Homestead
• Hanh Museum
• Kanapaha Botanical Garden
• Lake Alice
• Lake Newnan
• Pain's Prairie
• San Ferasco Hammock Nature Conservation State Park
• Santa Fe College Education Zoo
• Steven C. O'Connell Center

• People from Gainesville (English)
• University of Florida

• Hildreth, Charles H. and Merlin G. Cox. (1981) History of Gainesville, Florida, 1854?1979. Alachua County Historical Society. ISBN 0-9672788-4-8
• Rajtar, Steve. (2007) A Guide to Historic Gainesville. Charleston, South Carolina: History Press. ISBN 978-1-59629-217-8

• City of Gainesville - official site
• Visit Gainesville - official tourism site
• Gainesville Area Chamber of Commerce - official site
• University of Florida Digital Collections including vast materials from and about Gainesville, FL